Assessing Exposure and Response of Three Species of Odontocetes to Mid-Frequency Active Sonar During Submarine Commanders Courses at the Pacific Missile Range Facility: August 2013 Through February 2015

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The U.S. Navy’s marine species monitoring program addresses four general topics surrounding the impact of midfrequency active sonar (MFAS) on protected species: occurrence, exposure, response, and consequences. Occurrence of odontocete cetaceans on and around the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) has been studied for several years using a combination of satellite tags and photo-identification, demonstrating the existence of resident populations of several species of odontocetes and resulting in considerable information on diving behavior and movement patterns of these species.