Final Report, Ka‘ula Island Ship-Based Marine Mammal Survey, July 6, 2012 (Hawaii Range Complex Field Report)
Authors: Richie et al
Year published: 2012
File size: 2,127.63 KB
About
In order to train with mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), the Navy has obtained a permit from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and a Biological Opinion under the Endangered Species Act. The Hawai‘i Range Complex (HRC) Monitoring Plan, finalized in December 2008 for implementation in January 2009, and amended in 2011 was developed with NMFS to comply with the requirements under the permit. The monitoring plan and reporting will provide science-based answers to questions regarding whether or not marine mammals are exposed and reacting to Navy MFAS. The Ka‘ula Island monitoring effort is intended to provide data towards the monitoring plan goals through collecting baseline occurrence and population information
