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Via funding from the Living Marine Resource (LMR) program, ONR and U.S. Pacific Fleet, the Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) program is developing and implementing the requisite tools and methods to assess the long-term effect of Navy operations on cetaceans in the Southern California (SOCAL) Range Complex, particularly those operations using Mid-Frequency Active (MFA) sonar, with a focus on Cuvier’s beaked whales and fin whales.